The boiler is a kind of energy conversion equipment. The energy input to the boiler is in the form of chemical energy in the fuel, electric energy, and heat energy of high-temperature flue gas. After the boiler is converted, it outputs steam, high-temperature water or organic heat carrier with certain heat energy. . It is mostly used in thermal power stations, locomotives and industrial and mining enterprises. Coal-fired steam boiler refers to the coal burned as fuel, and the heat of the coal is converted to produce steam.
First of all, let's take a look at the structure diagram of a coal-fired steam boiler to understand its structure. Its working principle is a thermal equipment that uses the heat energy released after fuel combustion or waste heat from industrial production to transfer to the water in the container, so that the water reaches the required temperature or a certain pressure of steam.
The working process of a coal-fired boiler is: the heating equipment (burner) releases heat, which is first absorbed by the water wall through radiant heat transfer. The water on the water wall boils and vaporizes, and a large amount of steam enters the steam drum for steam-water separation (except for the once-through boiler). The separated saturated steam enters the superheater, and continues to absorb the heat of the flue gas from the top of the furnace, the horizontal flue and the tail flue through radiation and convection, and makes the superheated steam reach the required working temperature. The boiler for power generation is usually equipped with a reheater, which is used to heat the steam after the high-pressure cylinder performs work. The reheated steam from the reheater goes to the middle and low-pressure cylinders to continue working and generating power. Generally speaking, a steam boiler is a device that absorbs the heat energy of fuel combustion and turns water into steam with certain parameters (such as pressure, temperature, etc.). The boiler is divided into two parts: a boiler and a furnace. The boiler is a metal container used to hold water. The furnace is the part where the fuel burns. The water in the boiler absorbs the heat of the fuel combustion in the furnace and transforms into steam. The basic principle is similar to that of boiling water. It is equivalent to a kettle, and a stove is equivalent to a stove. The boiler is carried out in two parts of the "boiler" and "furnace" at the same time. After the water enters the boiler, the heating surface of the boiler in the steam-water system transfers the absorbed heat to the water, so that the water is heated to a certain temperature and pressure of hot water or steam, which is led out application. In the part of the combustion equipment, the combustion of fuel continuously releases heat, and the high-temperature flue gas produced by combustion transfers the heat to the heating surface of the boiler through the heat transmission, and the temperature of itself gradually decreases, and finally is discharged by the chimney.
However, not all the heat is converted effectively, and some of it is consumed without work, so there is an efficiency problem. Generally, the efficiency of large boilers is higher, between 60% and 80%. Therefore, when we choose, it is very important to choose a suitable boiler. Only by operating in accordance with the operating method can the efficiency of the coal-fired steam boiler be improved.
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